Karl Landsteiner (1868–1943), Biologist, Physician, Immunologist.

Karl Landsteiner was born in Baden bei Wien, Austria, in 1868. He is credited with the development of the modern blood group system and the identification of the Rhesus factor (with Alexander Wiener) in 1937 - thus enabling blood transfusions without endangering the patient. He was warded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1930) and the Lasker Award in 1946 (posthumously).

Landsteiner arrived in New York in 1923 to work for the Rockefeller Institute, discovering new blood groups (M, N, and P) - the types were soon used in paternity suits. He passed away in New York City on June 26, 1943.