Ludwig von Mises (1881–1973), Lawyer.

Ludwig von Mises, born to a Jewish family in Lemberg, Austria-Hungary (in today's Ukraine), was educated at the University of Vienna (doctorate in law) and after graduation became a civil servant in finance administration before training to become a lawyer.
Von Mises, who served as a front officer (artillery) during World War I, was a doctoral student of Eugen Böhm-Bawerk and soon began lecturing on economics. After the war he became an economic advisor to Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss and also served as chief economist at the Austrian Chamber of Commerce. He moved to teach in Switzerland at the Graduate Institute of International Studies and arrived in New York City in 1940 with the help of a grant by the Rockefeller Foundation. There, he taught at New York University until 1969 and wrote extensively in the tradition of classic liberalism and the Austrian School of Economics. Specifically, he argued that "rational economic activity is impossible in a socialist commonwealth."